John Piper, Abstract, Landscape, Tetbury, 1957, Watercolor, Gouache, Pastel

JOHN PIPER (British,1903-1992) : Tetbury Signed 'John Piper' (lower right) Ink, watercolor, gouache and pastel Executed in 1957 PROVENANCE : Save & Prosper collection, deaccessioned in 2001, label verso (Sotheby's, Lot 169, 4 July 2001)

Sheet: Height Length In an ebonised, moulded frame Frame: Height 78 cm, 30 1/2 in. Length 96 cm, 38 in

Tetbury is a large, rich work on paper where John Piper, one of England's greatest 20th century painters, has used a variety of media from ink to watercolour and pastel to evoke the view of the village from the Bath Road (the catalogue sheet includes the actual photograph) but the use of abstraction has simplified the image to a few identifiable elements (the Bath Road, the church spire, the telegraph pole).

Tetbury is significant for its scale (Height 57 cm., 22 ½ in x Length 76 cm., 30 in.), for its strong composition, and also for the highly finished surface, both unusual in a work on paper. Piper uses a wide vocabulary of textures and the subtle use of wax resist to give a stippled effect through layers of colour is particularly interesting. Tetbury shows off Piper's mastery of the media as well his ability to distill a landscape or a view into a highly structured, nearly abstract, composition.

Tetbury is an excellent example of Piper's practice in the 1950s where he achieves a balance between the topographical landscape tradition and the revolutionary elements that European abstraction. In addition, Tetbury displays influences from Piper's work on stained glass commissions (at the time he produced Tetbury he was working on commissions for the Coventry Cathedral and Oundle College in Rutland). In Tetbury this is manifest in the jewel-tones of the palette, the geometrical awareness of the whole, and in the use of strong black lines and marks as punctuation.

Tetbury is an exceptional example of Piper's mature abstract style realised several decades after his early period of abstraction in the inter-war period. Piper was one of the early advocates of abstraction in Britain and whilst he later continued a more figurative practice, he continuously experimented with certain aspects of abstraction. Piper was never interested in a slavish application of abstraction and 'Tetbury' is a perfect example of his practice of combining abstraction with the naturalistic landscape British tradition (Piper has been associated to the English neo-Romantics together with Sutherland and Nash among others). This practice is best understood when one looks at a contemporary picture of Tetbury that is more figurative (image also included in the Catalogue sheet). This other picture can be seen as intermediary stage through which Piper works in order to reveal the level of abstraction and complexity of composition of the present work.

Tetbury is a strong picture in terms of technical mastery as well as composition and it showcases the ability of Piper to produce a masterpiece illustrating how abstraction can help revive the well-established tradition of topographical landscapes

DESCRIPTI0N : This work is one of a series of abstracted topographical landscapes completed by Piper in the late 1950s, the same period that he was working on stained glass commissions for Coventry Cathedral and Oundle College in Rutland.

The movement in Britain to commission high profile artists to design stained glass for sacred buildings echoed the Art Sacré movement in France, which begin slightly earlier but existed concurrently, and within which artists such as Henri Matisse, Fernand Léger and Maurice Denis were involved in the design of windows.

Piper's work was strongly influenced by his stained glass commissions, and the landscapes of the same period reveal techniques and ideas which built on those developed for the glass designs. In the present work this is manifest in the jewel-tones of the palette, the geometrical awareness of the whole, and in the use of strong black lines and marks as punctuation. The result is felicitous. As Frederic Laws wrote in the Guardian on the occasion of Piper's 1959 exhibition at the Leicester Galleries:

'His colour sense has been freed from the softening effect of our climate and his design has grown bolder. The demands of stained glass seem to have given him the kind of release which comes to some from a conversion to Tachisme, but his eyes and hands have not lost their earlier discipline.'

In the present work Piper uses a broad palette of brown, aubergine and saffron tones enhanced with the use of black ink. The image is composed of geometric shapes with a strong vertical orientation. Piper uses simplified architectural forms and perspective to suggest buildings (note the lines indicating roofs and the small squares that appear to be windows), telegraph poles, a chimney at the centre of the top edge, and, in the middle of the picture, the central road with a bend at the top of the hill that takes the eye up and into the village. These geometric shapes are punctuated by the marks in black ink that, together with white and light yellow squares produce a sense of depth and three-dimensionality, of light coming through a solid structure. Bath Road, Tetbury c.1955

A contemporary photograph of Tetbury from the Bath Road confirms that all these elements were present in Tetbury in the mid to late fifties, and establishes the setting of the work. The painting is related to a second, entitled Tetbury, which has a very similar composition, in particular the central perspective-giving device of the road. This second painting is much more obviously figurative however, which suggests that Piper's method involved an intermediary stage in order to reveal the level of abstraction and complexity of composition of the present work. Piper clearly spent a some time painting in the town as there are a number of works extant with related titles. He shared a two-man exhibition with Lynn Chadwick in nearby Gloucester in 1960. Tetbury (Christie's, 21 November 2003)

The present work is executed mainly in gouache and ink on paper but it has been worked into a highly finished surface, with a wide vocabulary of textures. Particularly interesting is the subtle use of wax resist to give a stippled effect through layers of colour. Piper's brush strokes are carefully applied to produce a highly satisfying composition in terms of both tonality and form.

The work echoes Piper's more picturesque landscapes of the period, which often featured architectural elements. A 1959 work entitled Nantlle, North Wales shares many formal characteristics with the present work. Other landscapes such as Espira (1959) are more figurative but share a very similar style. Tetbury, Gloucestershire Espira Nantlle, North Wales Piper was one of the leading artists in the UK abstract painting movement inspired by the work of Paris-based painters, in particular Helion.

Piper became a leading member of the 7 & 5 Society in 1934 and in collaboration with Ben Nicholson, Barbara Hepworth and Henry Moore effectively transformed this traditional group into the modernist referent in Britain. Piper also co-published the magazine AXIS that sought to promote abstract art in the UK. From the 1940s however Piper increasingly found abstraction to be 'a luxury' and returned to figuration in the tradition of those he himself labelled as 'British Romantic Artists' that included Henry Fuseli, William Blake and Piper's contemporaries such as Graham Sutherland and Paul Nash.

Paintings in Museums and Public Art Galleries : UK Birmingham Museums & Art Gallery, UK National Galleries of Scotland, Edinburgh The Royal Collection, London, UK United Kingdom Parliament, London National Museum Wales, Cardiff Ashmolean Museum at the University of Oxford, UK Britten-Pears Foundation, Aldeburgh, England Cheltenham Art Gallery and Museum, UK Manchester City Art Gallery, UK Norwich Museums, England Redland Park Congregational Church, Bristol, Pallant House Gallery, Chichester, England Southampton City Art Gallery, England Tate Gallery, London, UK The Faringdon Collection at Buscot Park, Oxfordshire, UK The Hepworth Wakefield, England The Stained Glass Museum, Ely Cathedral, UK The Tabernacle, the Museum of Modern Art, Wales Tyne & Wear Museums, England Victoria and Albert Museum Catalogue, London, UK Whitworth Art Gallery, Manchester, UK Paintings in Museums and Public Art Galleries : Worldwide: Art Institute of Chicago Currier Gallery of Art, New Hampshire Harvard University Art Museums, Massachusetts Indianapolis Museum of Art, Indiana Dallas Museum of Art, Texas Beaverbrook Art Gallery, New Brunswick Winnipeg Art Gallery, Manitoba